Meiji

Sources on Meiji:

Chitoshi

Yanaga, Japan Since Perry

Outposts of Civilization: Race, Religion, and the Formative Years of American-Japanese Relations Kindle Edition

by Joseph M. Henning

Donald

Shively, ed.. Tradition and Modernization in Japanese Culture (Princeton:

Princeton University Press, 1971) and Marius B. Jansen, Changing Japanese

Attitudes towards Modernization (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965). Ardath W. Burks, ed.. The Modernizers: Overseas Students, Foreign

Employees, and Meiji Japan (Boulder: Westview, 1985) contains articles by

both Japanese and American scholars about foreigners and the modernization of Japan. Hazel Jones, Live Machines: Hired Foreigners and Meiji Japan

(Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1980), is a most detailed study of the o-yatoi, those foreigners who worked for the Japanese government.

To get a feeling for the lives and adventures of Westerners in Meiji Japan, one can begin with two anecdotal, uncritical volumes by Pat Barr, The

Coming of the Barbarians: The Opening of Japan to the West, 1853-1870

(New York: Dutton, 1967), and The Deer Cry Pavilion: A Story of Westerners in Japan 1868-1905 (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1969), or three

chatty, journalistic ones by Harold Williams, Tales of Foreign Settlements

in Japan (Rudand, Vt.: Tutde, 1958); Shades of the Past, or Indiscreet Tales of Japan (Rutland, Vt.: Tuttle, 1960); Foreigners in Mikadoland (Rutland,

Vt.: Tuttle, 1963). For the feel of that first port open to Westerners, see N.

B. Dennys, ed.. The Treaty Ports of China and Japan (London: Trubner,

1867); Paul C. Blum, Yokohama in 1872 (Tokyo: Asiatic Society of Japan,

1963); and Otis Manchester Poole, The Death of Old Yokohama in the Great Japanese Earthquake of September 1, 1923 (London: Allen & Unwin,

284 Sources

1968). The changes in both Yokohama and Tokyo are chronicled in JohnR. Black, Young Japan (London: Trubner, 1880); the capital alone is coveredin Edward Seidensticker, Low City, High City: Tokyo from Edo to theEarthquake (New York: Knopf, 1983). For the look of the people, countryside, and towns of Japan, see The Far East, a well-illustrated Yokohamaweekly published in the seventies. More accessible is Clark Worswick, ed.,Japan: Photographs, 1 854-1905 (New York: Knopf, 1979). To understandthe notions of Japan that foreigners brought with them, see Jean-PierreLehmann, The Image of Japan: From Feudal Isolation to World Power,1850-1905 (London: Allen & Unwin, 1978).

There are surprisingly few scholarly studies of foreigners in Japan. By farthe best work on a single individual is F. G. Notehelfer, American Samurai:Captain L. L. Janes and Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985).Also of some use are Lawrence W. Chisolm, Fenollosa: The Far East andAmerican Culture (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963), and SandraC. Taylor, Advocate of Understanding: Sidney Gulick and the Search forPeace with Japan (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1984). Of first-hand accounts, memoirs, and hagiographies there are many (see bibliographies of Barr volumes and Notehelfer). Those most interesting or usefulto me were Henry Faulds, Nine Years in Nipon: Sketches of Japanese Lifeand Manners (London: Alexander Gardner, 1885); Alice Mabel Bacon, AJapanese Interior (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1893); Horace Capron,"Memoirs" (typescript. University of Florida Library, Gainesville), vol. 2;E. Warren Clark, Life and Adventures in Japan (New York: American TractSociety, 1878); Charlotte B. DeForest, The Evolution of a Missionary (NewYork: Revell, 1914); Isaac Doonan, A Missionary's Life in the Land of theGods (Boston: Richard Badger, 1914); Edwin Dun, "Reminiscences ofNearly Half a Century in Japan" (Ann Arbor: University Microfilms); HenryT. Finck, Lotos-Time in Japan (New York: Scribner, 1895); TownsendHarris, The Complete Journal (New York: Doubleday, 1930); Henry Heusken, Japan Journal (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1964); Edward H. Honst, Japanese Episodes (Boston: Osgood, 1881); George Trumbell Ladd, Rare Days in Japan (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1910); John LaFarge, An Artist's Letters from Japan (New York: Century, 1897); PercivalLowell, Noto (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1891), Occult Japan, or the Wayof the Gods (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1895), and The Soul of the FarEast (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1888); Arthur Collins Maclay, A Budgetof Letters from Japan (New York: Armstrong, 1886); Rufus B. Peery, TheGist of Japan (New York: Revell, 1897); Mary Pruyn, Grandmamma'sLetters from Japan (Boston: James Earle, 1877); Raphael Pumpelly, AcrossAmerica and Asia (New York: Leypoldt and Holt, 1870); Clara Whitney,Clara's Diary: An American Girl in Meiji Japan (New York: Kodansha,1979).